光学字符识别(OCR,Optical Character Recognition)是指对文本资料进行扫描,然后对图像文件进行分析处理,获取文字及版面信息的过程。OCR技术非常专业,一般多是印刷、打印行业的从业人员使用,可以快速的将纸质资料转换为电子资料。关于中文OCR,目前国内水平较高的有清华文通、汉王、尚书,其产品各有千秋,价格不菲。国外OCR发展较早,像一些大公司,如IBM、微软、HP等,即使没有推出单独的OCR产品,但是他们的研发团队早已掌握核心技术,将OCR功能植入了自身的软件系统。对于我们程序员来说,一般用不到那么高级的,主要在开发中能够集成基本的OCR功能就可以了。这两天我查找了很多免费OCR软件、类库,特地整理一下,今天首先来谈谈Tesseract,下一次将讨论下Onenote 2010中的OCR API实现。可以在 这里查看OCR技术的发展简史。
1、Tesseract概述 Tesseract的OCR引擎最先由HP实验室于1985年开始研发,至1995年时已经成为OCR业内最准确的三款识别引擎之一。然而,HP不久便决定放弃OCR业务,Tesseract也从此尘封。 数年以后,HP意识到,与其将Tesseract束之高阁,不如贡献给开源软件业,让其重焕新生--2005年,Tesseract由美国内华达州信息技术研究所获得,并求诸于Google对Tesseract进行改进、消除Bug、优化工作。 Tesseract目前已作为开源项目发布在Google Project,其项目主页在 这里查看,其最新版本3.0已经支持中文OCR,并提供了一个命令行工具。本次我们来测试一下Tesseract 3.0,由于命令行对最终用户不太友好,我用WPF简单封装了一下,就可以方便的进行中文OCR了。
1.1、首先到Tesseract项目主页下载命令行工具、源代码、中文语言包: [attach]404[/attach]1.2、命令行工具解压缩后如下(不含1.jpg、1.txt): [attach]405[/attach]
1.3、为了进行中文OCR,将简体中文语言包复制到【tessdata】目录下: [attach]406[/attach]
1.4、在DOS下切换到Tesseract的命令行目录,查看一下tesseract.exe的命令格式: [attach]407[/attach]
Imagename为待OCR的图片,outputbase为OCR后的输出文件,默认是文本文件(.txt),lang为使用的语言包,configfile为配置文件。
1.5、下面来测试一下,准备一张jpg格式的图片,这里我是放到了和Tesseract同一个目录中: [attach]408[/attach]
输入:tesseract.exe 1.jpg 1 -l chi_sim,然后回车,几秒钟就OCR完成了: 这里注意命令的格式:imagename要加上扩展名.jpg,输出文件和语言包不需要加扩展名。 [attach]409[/attach]
OCR结果: [attach]410[/attach]
可以看到结果不是很理想,中文识别还说的过去,但是英文、数字大都乱码。不过作为老牌的OCR引擎,能做到这种程度已经相当不错了,期待Google的后续升级吧,支持一下。
2、使用WPF封装Tesseract命令行 2.1、鉴于命令行书写容易出错,且对最终用户很不友好,我做了一个简单的WPF小程序,将Tesseract的命令行封装了一下: [attach]411[/attach]
左边选择图片、预览,右边选择输出目录,显示OCR结果,支持本地及网络图片的预览。
2.2、为了使得图片预览支持缩放、移动,原本打算使用微软的 Zoom It API,可惜不支持WPF,于是使用了一个第三方的类:
- 图片缩放、移动工具类Code highlighting produced by Actipro CodeHighlighter (freeware)http://www.CodeHighlighter.com/-->using System;
- using System.Windows.Controls;
- using System.Windows.Input;
- using System.Windows.Media.Animation;
- using System.Windows;
- using System.Windows.Media;
- namespace PanAndZoom
- {
- public class PanAndZoomViewer : ContentControl
- {
- public double DefaultZoomFactor { get; set; }
- private FrameworkElement source;
- private Point ScreenStartPoint = new Point(0, 0);
- private TranslateTransform translateTransform;
- private ScaleTransform zoomTransform;
- private TransformGroup transformGroup;
- private Point startOffset;
- public PanAndZoomViewer()
- {
- this.DefaultZoomFactor = 1.4;
- }
- public override void OnApplyTemplate()
- {
- base.OnApplyTemplate();
- Setup(this);
- }
- void Setup(FrameworkElement control)
- {
- this.source = VisualTreeHelper.GetChild(this, 0) as FrameworkElement;
- this.translateTransform = new TranslateTransform();
- this.zoomTransform = new ScaleTransform();
- this.transformGroup = new TransformGroup();
- this.transformGroup.Children.Add(this.zoomTransform);
- this.transformGroup.Children.Add(this.translateTransform);
- this.source.RenderTransform = this.transformGroup;
- this.Focusable = true;
- this.KeyDown += new KeyEventHandler(source_KeyDown);
- this.MouseMove += new MouseEventHandler(control_MouseMove);
- this.MouseDown += new MouseButtonEventHandler(source_MouseDown);
- this.MouseUp += new MouseButtonEventHandler(source_MouseUp);
- this.MouseWheel += new MouseWheelEventHandler(source_MouseWheel);
- }
- void source_KeyDown(object sender, KeyEventArgs e)
- {
- // hit escape to reset everything
- if (e.Key == Key.Escape) Reset();
- }
- void source_MouseWheel(object sender, MouseWheelEventArgs e)
- {
- // zoom into the content. Calculate the zoom factor based on the direction of the mouse wheel.
- double zoomFactor = this.DefaultZoomFactor;
- if (e.Delta <= 0) zoomFactor = 1.0 / this.DefaultZoomFactor;
- // DoZoom requires both the logical and physical location of the mouse pointer
- var physicalPoint = e.GetPosition(this);
- DoZoom(zoomFactor, this.transformGroup.Inverse.Transform(physicalPoint), physicalPoint);
- }
- void source_MouseUp(object sender, MouseButtonEventArgs e)
- {
- if (this.IsMouseCaptured)
- {
- // we're done. reset the cursor and release the mouse pointer
- this.Cursor = Cursors.Arrow;
- this.ReleaseMouseCapture();
- }
- }
- void source_MouseDown(object sender, MouseButtonEventArgs e)
- {
- // Save starting point, used later when determining how much to scroll.
- this.ScreenStartPoint = e.GetPosition(this);
- this.startOffset = new Point(this.translateTransform.X, this.translateTransform.Y);
- this.CaptureMouse();
- this.Cursor = Cursors.ScrollAll;
- }
- void control_MouseMove(object sender, MouseEventArgs e)
- {
- if (this.IsMouseCaptured)
- {
- // if the mouse is captured then move the content by changing the translate transform.
- // use the Pan Animation to animate to the new location based on the delta between the
- // starting point of the mouse and the current point.
- var physicalPoint = e.GetPosition(this);
- this.translateTransform.BeginAnimation(TranslateTransform.XProperty, CreatePanAnimation(physicalPoint.X - this.ScreenStartPoint.X + this.startOffset.X), HandoffBehavior.Compose);
- this.translateTransform.BeginAnimation(TranslateTransform.YProperty, CreatePanAnimation(physicalPoint.Y - this.ScreenStartPoint.Y + this.startOffset.Y), HandoffBehavior.Compose);
- }
- }
- /// <summary>Helper to create the panning animation for x,y coordinates.</summary>
- /// <param name="toValue">New value of the coordinate.</param>
- /// <returns>Double animation</returns>
- private DoubleAnimation CreatePanAnimation(double toValue)
- {
- var da = new DoubleAnimation(toValue, new Duration(TimeSpan.FromMilliseconds(300)));
- da.AccelerationRatio = 0.1;
- da.DecelerationRatio = 0.9;
- da.FillBehavior = FillBehavior.HoldEnd;
- da.Freeze();
- return da;
- }
- /// <summary>Helper to create the zoom double animation for scaling.</summary>
- /// <param name="toValue">Value to animate to.</param>
- /// <returns>Double animation.</returns>
- private DoubleAnimation CreateZoomAnimation(double toValue)
- {
- var da = new DoubleAnimation(toValue, new Duration(TimeSpan.FromMilliseconds(500)));
- da.AccelerationRatio = 0.1;
- da.DecelerationRatio = 0.9;
- da.FillBehavior = FillBehavior.HoldEnd;
- da.Freeze();
- return da;
- }
- /// <summary>Zoom into or out of the content.</summary>
- /// <param name="deltaZoom">Factor to mutliply the zoom level by. </param>
- /// <param name="mousePosition">Logical mouse position relative to the original content.</param>
- /// <param name="physicalPosition">Actual mouse position on the screen (relative to the parent window)</param>
- public void DoZoom(double deltaZoom, Point mousePosition, Point physicalPosition)
- {
- double currentZoom = this.zoomTransform.ScaleX;
- currentZoom *= deltaZoom;
- this.translateTransform.BeginAnimation(TranslateTransform.XProperty, CreateZoomAnimation(-1 * (mousePosition.X * currentZoom - physicalPosition.X)));
- this.translateTransform.BeginAnimation(TranslateTransform.YProperty, CreateZoomAnimation(-1 * (mousePosition.Y * currentZoom - physicalPosition.Y)));
- this.zoomTransform.BeginAnimation(ScaleTransform.ScaleXProperty, CreateZoomAnimation(currentZoom));
- this.zoomTransform.BeginAnimation(ScaleTransform.ScaleYProperty, CreateZoomAnimation(currentZoom));
- }
- /// <summary>Reset to default zoom level and centered content.</summary>
- public void Reset()
- {
- this.translateTransform.BeginAnimation(TranslateTransform.XProperty, CreateZoomAnimation(0));
- this.translateTransform.BeginAnimation(TranslateTransform.YProperty, CreateZoomAnimation(0));
- this.zoomTransform.BeginAnimation(ScaleTransform.ScaleXProperty, CreateZoomAnimation(1));
- this.zoomTransform.BeginAnimation(ScaleTransform.ScaleYProperty, CreateZoomAnimation(1));
- }
- }
- }
复制代码 2.3、除了使用鼠标。还可以使用滚动条调节图片预览效果:- 数据绑定Code highlighting produced by Actipro CodeHighlighter (freeware)http://www.CodeHighlighter.com/--> <WrapPanel Grid.Row="2" Grid.Column="0">
- <Label Name="lab长度" Content="长度:" Margin="3" />
- <Slider Name="sl长度" MinWidth="50" Margin="3" VerticalAlignment="Center" Maximum="400" Value="{Binding ElementName=img图片, Path=Width, Mode=TwoWay}" />
- <Label Name="lab宽度" Content="宽度:" Margin="3" />
- <Slider Name="sl宽度" MinWidth="50" Margin="3" VerticalAlignment="Center" Maximum="400" Value="{Binding ElementName=img图片, Path=Height, Mode=TwoWay}" />
- <Label Name="lab透明度" Content="透明度:" Margin="3" />
- <Slider Name="sl透明度" MinWidth="50" Margin="3" VerticalAlignment="Center" Maximum="1" Value="{Binding ElementName=img图片, Path=Opacity, Mode=TwoWay}" />
- <Label Name="lab拉伸方式" Content="拉伸方式:" Margin="3" />
- <ComboBox Name="txt拉伸方式" Margin="3" MinWidth="85">
- <ComboBoxItem Content="Fill" />
- <ComboBoxItem Content="None" IsSelected="True" />
- <ComboBoxItem Content="Uniform" />
- <ComboBoxItem Content="UniformToFill" />
- </ComboBox>
- </WrapPanel>
- <local:PanAndZoomViewer Grid.Row="3" Grid.Column="0" Height="300" Margin="3">
- <Image Name="img图片" Stretch="{Binding ElementName=txt拉伸方式, Path=Text, Mode=TwoWay}" />
- </local:PanAndZoomViewer>
复制代码 2.4、由于Tesseract命令行不支持直接OCR网络图片,故先下载:- 图片下载Code highlighting produced by Actipro CodeHighlighter (freeware)http://www.CodeHighlighter.com/--> private void fnStartDownload(string v_strImgPath, string v_strOutputDir, out string v_strTmpPath)
- {
- int n = v_strImgPath.LastIndexOf('/');
- string URLAddress = v_strImgPath.Substring(0, n);
- string fileName = v_strImgPath.Substring(n + 1, v_strImgPath.Length - n - 1);
- this.__OutputFileName = v_strOutputDir + "\\" + fileName.Substring(0, fileName.LastIndexOf("."));
- if (!Directory.Exists(System.Configuration.ConfigurationManager.AppSettings["tmpPath"]))
- {
- Directory.CreateDirectory(System.Configuration.ConfigurationManager.AppSettings["tmpPath"]);
- }
- string Dir = System.Configuration.ConfigurationManager.AppSettings["tmpPath"];
- v_strTmpPath = Dir + "\\" + fileName;
- WebRequest myre = WebRequest.Create(URLAddress);
- client.DownloadFile(v_strImgPath, v_strTmpPath);
- //Stream str = client.OpenRead(v_strImgPath);
- //StreamReader reader = new StreamReader(str);
- //byte[] mbyte = new byte[Int32.Parse(System.Configuration.ConfigurationManager.AppSettings["MaxDownloadImgLength"])];
- //int allmybyte = (int)mbyte.Length;
- //int startmbyte = 0;
- //while (allmybyte > 0)
- //{
- // int m = str.Read(mbyte, startmbyte, allmybyte);
- // if (m == 0)
- // {
- // break;
- // }
- // startmbyte += m;
- // allmybyte -= m;
- //}
- //FileStream fstr = new FileStream(v_strTmpPath, FileMode.Create, FileAccess.Write);
- //fstr.Write(mbyte, 0, startmbyte);
- //str.Close();
- //fstr.Close();
- }
复制代码 2.5、使用Process来调用Tesseract命令行:- 调用Tesseract命令行Code highlighting produced by Actipro CodeHighlighter (freeware)http://www.CodeHighlighter.com/--> private void fnOCR(string v_strTesseractPath, string v_strSourceImgPath, string v_strOutputPath, string v_strLangPath)
- {
- using (Process process = new System.Diagnostics.Process())
- {
- process.StartInfo.FileName = v_strTesseractPath;
- process.StartInfo.Arguments = v_strSourceImgPath + " " + v_strOutputPath + " -l " + v_strLangPath;
- process.StartInfo.UseShellExecute = false;
- process.StartInfo.CreateNoWindow = true;
- process.StartInfo.RedirectStandardOutput = true;
- process.Start();
- process.WaitForExit();
- }
- }
复制代码2.6、测试本地图片: [attach]412[/attach]
2.7、测试网络图片: [attach]413[/attach]
小结:
|